National Statistics on Education and Equity Issues, By Race and Ethnicity

National Education Statistics
& Other Equity Indicators

I. Educational Achievement

Mean SAT Scores (Both Males and Females), By Race and Ethnicity, 2002
Mean SAT Scores for Males, By Race and Ethnicity, 2002
Mean SAT Scores for Females, By Race and Ethnicity, 2002
Mean SAT Scores, Male/Female Comparison, By Race and Ethnicity, 2002
NAEP Average Reading Scores for Public School Students By Race/Ethnicity, 1998, 2000
NAEP National Reading Results for Grade 4 - Public Schools, Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1998
NAEP National Reading Results for Grade 8 - Public Schools, Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1998
NAEP National Reading Results for Grade 12 - Public Schools, Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1998
NAEP Average Writing Scale Scores By Race/Ethnicity, 1998
NAEP Average Mathematics Scores for Public School Students By Race/Ethnicity and Grade, 2000
NAEP National Mathematics Results for Grade 4 - Public Schools, Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 2000
NAEP National Mathematics Results for Grade 8 - Public Schools, Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 2000
NAEP National Mathematics Results for Grade 12 - Public Schools, Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 2000
NAEP National Science Results for Grade 4 Weighted Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1996
NAEP National Science Results for Grade 8 Weighted Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1996
NAEP National Science Results for Grade 12 Weighted Percentages of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1996
Percentage of 25- to 29-Year-Olds Who Completed High School, and Percentage of High School Completers With 1 or More Years of College, By Race/Ethnicity, March 1997
Percentage Distribution of 1992 High School Graduates Qualified* for Admission at a 4-Year Institution, By Race/Ethnicity: 1992-1994
High School Drop-Out & Completion Rates, By Race/Ethnicity, October 1997
Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in College, By Age and Race/Ethnicity, October 1996

II. School Safety

Percentage of High School Seniors Who Reported Being Victimized at School During the Previous 12 Months, By Type of Victimization and Race/Ethnicity: 1996

III. Parent Involvement

Percentage of Children Ages 3-5 Who Participated in Various Literacy Activities
With A Parent or Family Member, By Race/Ethnicity, 1996

IV. Socioeconomic Measures

Percentage of 25- to 34-year-olds Who Received Income From AFDC or Other Public Assistance Programs, By Years of School Completed and Race/Ethnicity, 1996
Selected Family Characteristics of 15- to 18-year-olds, By Race/Ethnicity, 1997

See also: U.S. Census Bureau Statistics on Racial and Ethnic Populations in the United States

V. Technology Access & Use

Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Race/Origin, 1997
Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Race/Origin and Income, 1997
Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Race/Origin & Area Type, 1997
Percent of U.S. Households with On-Line Service By Race/Origin & Area Type, 1997
U.S. Household Computer Penetration Gap By Race/Origin & Income, 1994 vs. 1997
Percentage of Fourth Graders Whose Teachers Report Drill/Practice as the Primary Computer Use, Disaggregated by Race & Ethnicity, 1998
Percentage of Fourth Graders Whose Teachers Report Learning Games as the Primary Computer Use, by Race & Ethnicity, 1998
Percentage of Eighth Graders Whose Teachers Report Simulations/Applications as the Primary Computer Use, by Race & Ethnicity, 1998
Percentage of Eighth Graders Whose Teachers Report Simulations/Applications as the Primary Computer Use, by Race & Ethnicity, 1998

I. Educational Achievement

Mean SAT Scores, By Race and Ethnicity, 2002

Race/Ethnicity	Verbal	Math	Combined	Achievement Gap
White	527	533	1060	___
African American or Black	430	427	857	203
American Indian or Alaskan Native	479	483	962	98
Asian, Asian American or Pacific Islander	501	569	1070	-10
Mexican or Mexican American	446	457	903	157
Puerto Rican	455	451	906	154
Latin-American, South American, Central American or Other Hispanic or Latino	458	464	922	138
Source: 2002 Profile of College-Bound Seniors - National Report, The College Board.

Mean SAT Scores for Males, By Race and Ethnicity, 2002

Race/Ethnicity	Verbal	Math	Combined	Achievement Gap
White	530	552	1082	-----
African American	427	438	865	217
American Indian or Alaskan Native	485	503	988	94
Asian, Asian American or Pacific Islander	504	587	1091	-9
Mexican or Mexican American	453	478	931	151
Puerto Rican	461	472	933	149
Latin-American, South American, Central American or Other Hispanic or Latino	466	486	952	130
Source: 2002 Profile of College-Bound Seniors National Report, The College Board.

Mean SAT Scores for Females, By Race and Ethnicity, 2002

Race/Ethnicity	Verbal	Math	Combined	Achievement Gap
White	525	517	1042	____
African American	432	419	851	191
American Indian or Alaskan Native	474	467	941	101
Asian, Asian American or Pacific Islander	499	553	1052	-10
Mexican or Mexican American	441	442	883	159
Puerto Rican	452	436	888	154
Latin-American, South American, Central American or Other Hispanic or Latino	452	447	899	143
Source: 2002 Profile of College-Bound Seniors National Report, The College Board.

Mean SAT Scores, Male/Female Comparison, By Race and Ethnicity, 2002

Race/Ethnicity	Score Differential for Females Compared with Males
Race/Ethnicity	Verbal	Math	Combined
White	-5	-35	-40
African American or Black	+5	-19	-14
American Indian or Alaskan Native	-11	-36	-47
Asian, Asian American or Pacific Islander	-5	-34	-39
Mexican or Mexican American	-12	-36	-48
Puerto Rican	-9	-36	-45
Latin-American, South American, Central American or Other Hispanic or Latino	-14	-39	-53
Source: 2002 Profile of College-Bound Seniors - National Report, The College Board.

NAEP Average Reading Scores For Public School Students By Race/Ethnicity, 1998, 2000

Race/Ethnicity	Grade 4 (2000)	Grade 8 (1998)	Grade 12 (1998)
White	224	270	297
Black	192	241	269
Hispanic	196	243	274
Asian American/ Pacific Islander	231	269	287
American Indian/ Alaskan Native	194	248	274
Source: National Center for Educational Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1998 and 2000 Reading Assessments

NAEP National Reading Results for Grade 4, Public School, Percentages of
Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 2000

Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
White	3116	224	10%	38%	71%	29%
Black	1185	192	1%	11%	36%	64%
Hispanic	1284	196	2%	15%	40%	60%
Asian/Pacific Islander	222	231	17%	46%	77%	23%
American Indian	128	194	2%	17%	42%	58%
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 2000.

NAEP National Reading Results for Grade 8, Public School, Percentages of
Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1998

Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
White	5013	270	3%	38%	81%	19%
Black	1565	241	0%	11%	50%	50%
Hispanic	1934	243	0%	14%	52%	48%
Asian/Pacific Islander	456	269	3%	36%	80%	20%
American Indian	106	248	0%	18%	61%	39%
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 1998.

NAEP National Reading Results for Grade 12, Public School, Percentages of
Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1998

Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
White	6062	297	7%	46%	82%	18%
Black	1880	269	1%	17%	57%	43%
Hispanic	2026	274	2%	24%	62%	38%
Asian/Pacific Islander	592	287	6%	37%	74%	26%
American Indian	87	274	2%	24%	63%	37%
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 1998.

NAEP Average Writing Scale Scores By Race/Ethnicity, 1998

Race/Ethnicity	Grade 4	Grade 8	Grade 12
White	157	158	156
Black	131	131	134
Hispanic	134	131	135
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 1998 Writing Assessment

NAEP Average Mathematics Scores for Public School Students
By Race/Ethnicity and Grade, 2000

Race/Ethnicity	Grade 4	Grade 8	Grade 12
White	235	285	307
Black	205	246	273
Hispanic	211	252	281
Asian American/ Pacific Islander	___	288	318
American Indian/ Alaskan Native	215	261	292
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2000 Mathematics Assessment

NAEP National Mathematics Results for Grade 4, Public School, Percentages of
Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 2000

Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
White	3684	235	3%	33%	78%	22%
Black	1384	205	0%	5%	38%	62%
Hispanic	1524	211	1%	10%	47%	53%
Asian/Pacific Islander	__	__	__	__	__	__
American Indian	189	215	1%	13%	51%	49%
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 2000.

NAEP National Mathematics Results for Grade 8 - Public Schools, Percentages
of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 2000

Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
White	4988	285	6%	34%	77%	23%
Black	1854	246	0%	5%	32%	68%
Hispanic	1909	252	1%	9%	40%	60%
Asian/Pacific Islander	451	288	11%	40%	75%	25%
American Indian	133	261	0%	12%	50%	50%
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 2000.

NAEP National Mathematics Results for Grade 12 - Public Schools Weighted Percentages
of Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 2000

Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Average Scale Score	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
White	3822	307	3%	20%	73%	27%
Black	1296	273	0%	2%	30%	70%
Hispanic	1256	281	0%	4%	42%	58%
Asian/Pacific Islander	415	318	6%	34%	79%	21%
American Indian	71	292	0%	9%	57%	43%
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 2000.

NAEP National Science Results for Grade 4 Weighted Percentages of
Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1996

Race/Ethnicity	N	Weighted Percentage	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Weighted Percentage	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
Total	7305	100	3.1	28.8	67.1	32.9
White	4106	68.7	4.2	37.0	78.8	21.2
Black	1251	14.6	0.2	6.9	34.5	65.5
Hispanic	1352	12.2	0.4	9.1	41.6	58.4
Asian/Pacific Islander	356	2.6	3.5	28.5	65.9	34.1
American Indian	223	1.8	1.6	25.9	59.1	40.9
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 1996.

NAEP 1996 National Science Results for Grade 8 Weighted Percentages of
Students Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity

Race/Ethnicity	N	Weighted Percentage	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Weighted Percentage	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
Total	7774	100	3.0	28.9	61.3	38.7
White	4292	69.6	4.1	36.9	73.3	26.7
Black	1492	14.1	0.2	5.0	24.0	76.0
Hispanic	1426	11.8	0.3	10.7	35.9	64.1
Asian/Pacific Islander	382	2.6	3.0	30.5	61.9	38.1
American Indian	149	1.7	2.5	24.2	59.5	40.5
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 1996.

NAEP National Science Results for Grade 12 Weighted Percentages of Students
Below, At or Above Achievement Levels, By Race/Ethnicity, 1996

Race/Ethnicity	N	Weighted Percentage	Achievement Level
Race/Ethnicity	N	Weighted Percentage	Advanced	Proficient	Basic	Below Basic
Total	7537	100	2.6	21.2	57.1	42.9
White	4748	69.9	3.4	27.1	68.0	32.0
Black	1225	14.3	0.1	3.7	23.3	76.7
Hispanic	1015	11.2	0.8	7.1	33.2	66.8
Asian/Pacific Islander	458	3.8	3.0	21.9	55.8	44.2
American Indian	70	0.7	0.5	10.5	51.9	48.1
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress ("The Nation's Report Card"), National Center for Educational Statistics, 1996.

Percentage of 25- to 29-Year-Olds Who Completed High School, and Percentage of
High School Completers With 1 or More Years of College, By Race/Ethnicity, March 1997

Race/Ethnicity	High School Completers	1 or More Years of College	4 or More Years of College
White	92.9	68.2	35.2
Black	86.9	53.7	16.4
Hispanic	61.8	53.9	17.8
Total	87.4	65.4	31.8
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, March 1997.

                 Percentage Distribution of 1992 High School Graduates Qualified*
                 for Admission at a 4-Year Institution, By Race/Ethnicity: 1992-1994
                   (*Four-year college qualification index based on high school GPA, senior class rank,
                       NELS 1992 aptitude test, SAT and ACT scores, and curricular rigor)

Race/Ethnicity	Marginally or Unqualified	College-Qualified
Race/Ethnicity	Marginally or Unqualified	Minimally	Moderately	Highly	Very Highly	Total
Total	35.5	16.6	15.9	18.2	13.8	64.5
White	31.9	16.1	16.6	20.3	15.2	68.2
Black	53.1	16.7	14.0	9.9	6.3	46.9
Hispanic	47.0	20.7	13.6	10.8	7.9	53.0
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), Third Follow-up (1994).

High School Drop-Out & Completion Rates, By Race/Ethnicity, October 1997

Dropout and Completion Measures	Total	White, Non-Hispanic	Black, Non-Hispanic	Hispanic
Percent age 15 to 24 in grades 10 to 12 dropping out, October 1996 to October 1997	4.6	3.6	5.0	9.5
Percent age 16 to 24 who were dropouts in 1997	11.0	7.6	13.4	25.3
Percent 18 to 24 who were high school completers in 1997 (Excludes those still in high school)	85.9	90.5	82.0	66.7
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, October 1997

Percentage of High School Completers Enrolled in College, By Age and Race/Ethnicity, October 1996

Race/Ethnicity	Ages 18-24	Ages 25-34	Ages 35 or Older
White	45.0	9.1	2.4
Black	35.7	10.9	3.7
Hispanic	33.8	9.8	3.4
Total	43.3	9.7	2.6
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, October 1996

II. School Safety

Percentage of High School Seniors Who Reported Being Victimized at School
During the Previous 12 Months, By Type of Victimization and Race/Ethnicity: 1996

Race/Ethnicity	Had Something Stolen	Property Deliberately Damaged	Injured with a Weapon	Threatened with a Weapon	Injured Without a Weapon	Threatened Without a Weapon
White	37.6	25.2	3.7	12.3	11.2	21.9
Black	43.2	26.0	9.8	17.1	15.7	21.9
Source: University of Michigan, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Monitoring the Future Study

III. Parent Involvement

Percentage of Children Ages 3-5 Who Participated in Various Literacy Activities
With A Parent or Family Member, By Race/Ethnicity: 1996

Race/Ethnicity	Read to three or more times in the past week	Told a story at least once in the past week	Visited a library in the past month
White	88.9	83.9	42.5
Black	75.9	76.6	34.1
Hispanic	65.3	79.3	25.9
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Survey (NHES), 1996 (Parent and Family Involvement in Education File).

IV. Socioeconomic Measures

Percentage of 25- to 34-year-olds Who Received Income From AFDC or Other
Public Assistance Programs, By Years of School Completed and Race/Ethnicity, 1996

Race/Ethnicity	Years of School Completed
Race/Ethnicity	9-11 years	12 Years
White	8.7	3.1
Black	26.8	9.5
Hispanic	9.5	4.1
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, March 1996

Selected Family Characteristics of 15- to 18-year-olds, By Race/Ethnicity, 1997

Selected Family Characteristics		White	Black	Hispanic
Median family income (in 1997 constant dollars)		$55,364	$29,505	$28,880
Family type	Two-Parent Household	78.1%	39.7%	67.1%
	Father as Head of Household	5.3%	4.7%	4.2%
	Mother as Head of Household	16.5%	55.6%	28.7%
Father's Employment Status	Employed	91%	83.9%	84.8%
	Unemployed, looking for work	2.3%	5.0%	5.9%
	Not in Labor Force	6.6%	11.1%	9.3%
Mother's Employment Status	Employed	77.5%	69.2%	56.0%
	Unemployed, looking for work	2.6%	4.7%	4.8%
	Not in Labor Force	19.9%	26.1%	39.1%
Father's Highest Educational Level	Less than High School Diploma	9.7%	20.9%	53.7%
	High School Diploma or GED	32.5%	44.7%	20.8%
	Some College	28.5%	22.8%	16.2%
	Bachelor's Degree or Higher	29.4%	11.6%	9.3%
Mother's Highest Educational Level	Less than High School Diploma	8.3%	22.2%	54.6%
	High School Diploma or GED	39.3%	39.9%	24.6%
	Some College	29.6%	28.2%	14.3%
	Bachelor's Degree or Higher	22.8%	9.7%	6.5%
Source: The Condition of Education 1998, Supplemental Table 44-4, National Center for Educational Statistics.

V. Technology Access & Use

Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Race/Origin, 1997

White Not Hispanic	40.8
Black Not Hispanic	19.3
Other Not Hispanic	47.0
Hispanic	19.4
U.S.	36.6
Source: National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1998

Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Race/Origin and Income, 1997

Race/Ethnicity	Under $15,000	$15,000 - $34,999	$35,000 - $74,999	$75,000+
White Not Hispanic	15.4	28.0	55.1	76.3
Black Not Hispanic	6.3	18.2	40.2	64.1
Other Not Hispanic	19.1	38.5	62.6	81.0
Hispanic	7.8	16.6	36.8	72.8
Source: National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1998

Percent of U.S. Households with a Computer By Race/Origin & Area Type, 1997

Race/Ethnicity	U.S. 1994	U.S. 1997	Rural	Urban	Central City
White Not Hispanic	27.1	40.8	36.7	42.5	41.5
Black Not Hispanic	10.3	19.3	14.9	19.9	17.1
Other Not Hispanic	32.6	47.0	35.8	48.4	43.5
Hispanic	12.3	19.4	19.2	19.4	16.2
Source: National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1998

Percent of U.S. Households with On-Line Service By Race/Origin & Area Type, 1997

Race/Ethnicity	U.S.	Rural	Urban	Central City
White Not Hispanic	21.2	15.6	23.5	23.3
Black Not Hispanic	7.7	5.5	7.9	5.8
Other Not Hispanic	25.2	16.1	26.4	23.5
Hispanic	8.7	7.3	8.9	7.0
Source: National Telecommunications and Information Administration, 1998

U.S. Household Computer Penetration Gap By Race/Origin & Income, 1994 vs. 1997

Income Level	Under $15,000		$15,000 - $34,999		$35,000 - $74,999		$75,000+
Year	1994	1997	1994	1997	1994	1997	1994	1997
White Not Hispanic	9.2	15.4	18.1	28	40.5	55.1	61	76.3
Black Not Hispanic	2.9	6.3	10	18.2	24.8	40.2	52.6	64.1
Hispanic	3.6	7.8	9.4	16.6	30.6	36.8	60.7	72.8
Source: National Telecommunications and Information Administration,1998

Percentage of Fourth Graders Whose Teachers Report Drill/Practice
as the Primary Computer Use, Disaggregated by Race & Ethnicity

Race/Ethnicity	Percentage
Asian	35%
White	35%
Hispanic	35%
Black	42%
overall	35%
Source: Wenglinsky, H. Does It Compute? The Relationship Between Educational Technology and Student Achievement in Mathematics. Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service, 1998. Based on 1998 NAEP Achievement Data)

Percentage of Fourth Graders Whose Teachers Report Learning Games
as the Primary Computer Use, Disaggregated by Race & Ethnicity

Race/Ethnicity	Percentage
Asian	57%
White	57%
Hispanic	56%
Black	48%
Overall	55%
Source: Wenglinsky, H. Does It Compute? The Relationship Between Educational Technology and Student Achievement in Mathematics. Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service, 1998. Based on 1998 NAEP Achievement Data

Percentage of Eighth Graders Whose Teachers Report Simulations/Applications
as the Primary Computer Use, Disaggregated by Race & Ethnicity

Race/Ethnicity	Percentage
Asian	43%
White	31%
Hispanic	25%
Black	14%
Overall	27%
Source: Wenglinsky, H. Does It Compute? The Relationship Between Educational Technology and Student Achievement in Mathematics. Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service, 1998. Based on 1998 NAEP Achievement Data

Percentage of Eighth Graders Whose Teachers Report Simulations/Applications
as the Primary Computer Use, Disaggregated by Race & Ethnicity

Race/Ethnicity	Percentage
Asian	43%
White	31%
Hispanic	25%
Black	14%
Overall	27%
Source: Wenglinsky, H. Does It Compute? The Relationship Between Educational Technology and Student Achievement in Mathematics. Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service, 1998. Based on 1998 NAEP Achievement Data

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