1. 42 U.S.C. 2000d
2. 110 Cong. Rec. 6543 (Senator Humphrey, quoting from President Kennedy's message to Congress, June 19, 1963)
3. 33 Fed. Reg. 4956
4. "Memorandum from J. Stanley Pottinger, Director, OCR/DHEW to School Districts With More Than Five Percent National Origin Minority Group Children Regarding Identification of Discrimination and Denial of Services on the Basis of National Origin," May 25, 1970.
5. 94 S. CT. 786 (1974)
6. Id. at 787
7. Lau V. Nichols 483 F.2d 791 (9th Cir.1973), 793
8. Id.at 796 n.6
9. Id. at 795
10. Id. at 796
11. Id. at 797
12. Id. at 799
13. Lau v. Nichols 94 Sect., 786, 788
14. Id.
15. Id. at 789
16. Id.
17. Id. at 790
18. Id.
19. Id. at 791
20. Id.
21. Id.
22. P.L. 93-380
23. 20 U.S.C. 1701-1720
24. 20 U.S.C. 1703(f)
25. 20 U.S.C. 1706
26. 499 F. 2d 1147 (10th Cir. 1974)
27. Id. at 1149
28. Id. at 1149-50
29. Id. at 1151-52
30. Id. at 1153
31. Id. at 1154
32. 455 F. Supp. 57 (E.D.N.Y. 1978)
33. Id. at 60
34. Id.
35. Id. at 59-60
36. Id. at 60-61
37. Id. at 62-63
38. Id. at 63
39. Id.
40. Id.
41. Id. at 64
42. 480 F. Supp. 14 (E.D.N.Y. 1978)
43. Id. at 18
44. Id. at 19
45. Id. at 23
46. 587 f. 2d 1022 (9th Cir. 1978)
47. Id. at 1024
48. Id. at 1024-1025
49. Id. at 26-27
50. Id. at 1027-1028
51. Id. at 1029-1030
52. Id. at 1030
53. Northwest Arctic School District v. Califano, No. A-77-216 (D. Alaska Sept. 29, 1978)
54. 45 Fed. Reg. 52,052 (1980)
55. 648 F.2d 989 (5th Cir. 1981)
56. Id. at 992
57. Id. at 994-995
58. Id. at 998
59. Id. at 1007
60. Id. at 1006
61. Id. at 1007
62. Id. at 1009
63. Id.
64. Id. at 1009-1010
65. Id. at 1011
66. Id. at 1014
67. Id.
68. Id. at 1015
69. OCR's Title VI compliance procedures and standards respecting language-minority students are set out in a December 3, 1985 U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights document entitled "The OCR Title VI Language Minority Compliance Procedures."(Unpublished)
70. Id. at 2
71. Id.
72. Id. at 3
73. Id.
74. Id. at 4-6
75. James Crawford, "U.S. Enforcement of Bilingual Plans Declines Sharply," Education Week, Washington, D.C., June 4, 1986
76. Courtesy of the U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Washington, D.C. Fact SheetÄOCR Policy Update on Schools' Obligations Toward National Origin Minority Students with Limited English Proficiency, 1991
77. Courtesy of the National Coalition of Advocates for Students (NCAS), Boston, MA. John Willshire Carrera, Immigrant Students: Their Legal Right of Access to Public, NCAS, 1989, pp. 23-27
78. 457 U.S. 202 (1982)
79. Plyler, 457 U.S. at 230
80. Plyler at 233
81. 347, U.S. 483, 493 (1954)
82. Plyler, 457 U.S. at 220
83. Holguin, 1987 at 22
84. (Powell, J., concurring) Plyler 457 U.S. at 227, note 22 (1982). Martinez v. Bynum,461 U.S. 321, 328 (1983)
85. 461 U.S. 321 (1983)
86. Martinez v. Bynum 461 U.S. at 328-329 (1983)
87. 457 U.S. 202 (1982)
88. Plyler v. Doe 457 U.S. 202, 227 n. 22 (1982)
89. 620 F. Supp. 293 (N.D.Ga. 1985)
90. 576 F. Supp. 503 (D. Colorado, 1983)
91. Id. at 1516
92. Id. at 1516-17
93. Id. at 1517
94. Id.
95. Id.
96. Id. at 1519
97. Id. at 1520
98. Id.
99. 811 F.2d 1030 (7th Cir. 1987)
100. Id. at 1042
101. Id. at 1042-43
102. 20 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.
103. 29 U.S.C. 794
104. C.A. 85-6924 (E.D. PA 1986)
105. Id. at 6-12
106. William Snider, "Philadelphia Agrees to Address Needs of Asian Students," Education Week, Washington, D.C., March 9, 1988

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